


^ 



~a//^/f^S. 



& / f?//f& 



£ 



fJ) y> ** « *«<* Ala rcA _z ^ *-- / £V// I 



GUIDE 

TO 

SELF-KNOWLEDGE: 

THE 

FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE HUMAN MIND 

PRACTICALLY APPLIED, 

AS MANIFESTED 

THROUGH THE BRAIN, 

IN 

SEVEN DEGREES OF DEVELOPEMENT; 

WITH 

INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS AND REMARKS, 

ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE SCIENCE OF PHRENOLOGY. 



BY T. H. PONS. 



ADAPTED TO THE CHARACTER OF 





I2tflt)t|) HUition. 



BOSTON: 
SAXTON AND PEIRCE. 

GENERAL PHRENOLOGICAL DEPOT. 
No. 1334 Washington Street. 






7 



m 

■ 






Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1841, 

By T. H. Pons, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. 



STI i> 



S. N. Dickinson, Printer, 
52 Washington St. 



INTUOIHCTORY OBSERVATIONS. 



Phi r, by its advocates, is assumed to bo the only true 

and practical science of the human mind ; as by its agency we 
are enabled to elucidate the heretofore inexplicable phenomena 
of mental action. The mind itself, independent of its connec- 
tion with matter, cannot be a subject of philosophical investi- 
gation, more than the spiritual essence of the Deity ; and all 
attempts to do so, are but a perversion of the divine powers of 
mind vested in man for useful purposes. The only means we 
of becoming acquainted with it is, by observing its effects 
when connected with its coporeal agents — its instruments of 
manifestation ; and from data thus collected we can draw 
correct conclusions as to its legitimate sphere of action, direct 
its uses, and be prepared to correct any abuse. 

For the discovery of this useful science, the world is in- 
debted to the penetrating genius of Francois Joseph Gall, a 
u una. From an early age he was characterized 
for great powers of observation ; and from circumstances con- 
ted with his education, he was afterwards led particularly to 
scrutinize the dispositions and talents of his associates, fri< 
and individuals in general. The facts which made the moil 
forcible im on nil mind were, the different dispositions 

and aptitudes manifested by his brother*, listers, and school- 
i each had i fancy, be< ■ bed to the 

same infl <1 that their qualities of 

mind could not have been d\ : from circumstances, as 



IV INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS. 

has often been taught, bat originated in differences of natural 
constitution. 

For a series of years he patiently pursued his investigations, 
until by an accumulation of facts before unprecedented, he felt 
himself warranted in laying his system before the public. The 
first written notice of his doctrines appeared in 1798; he had, 
however, for two years previous, expressed his opinions in public 
lectures. His doctrine was received by many as truth, and 
represented with greater or less exactness, according as it was 
understood by his disciples. 

Dr. Gall, by publishing to the world his discoveries, was not 
exempted from the same fate that has followed all great dis- 
coverers in physical and mental science. Contempt and ridi- 
cule were liberally bestowed upon him from all quarters ; and 
he was at last virtually banished from his own land, by an edict 
being issued prohibiting his lectures unless by special permis- 
sion from the government. 

In 1805, he left Vienna, in company with Dr. Spurzheim, who 
had been connected with Gall since 1800 ; but who, from his 
own account, was merely a hearer of this great philosopher, 
until 1804, when they became permanently connected, and 
continued the investigation of the science in common, until 
1813, when the connection was dissolved. 

Dr. Gall resided in Paris from 1807 till his death, which 
occurred in August, 1828, in the seventy-second year of his age. 
" His remains were followed to the grave by an immense con- 
course of friends and admirers, five of whom pronounced 
discourses on the occasion." Every homage was paid to this 
illustrious man, after his death, by all the most distinguished 
savans that Paris possessed — and nothing was wanting to his 
glory. 

To Dr. Spurzheim is due the honor of classifying the facts 
discovered by Gall, and embodying them in a more perfect 
system, together with many important discoveries of his own. 
By his pergonal exertion, the science was promulgated in Great 



UfTRODUCTOET OBSERVATIONS. V 

Britain and America, the principal field of his labors, with great 
exactness and | a talk for which he was eminently 

qualified, by hit talents, ami deep and familiar knowl- 

of the Bubject. But to Dr. Gall alone belong! the honor 
of discovering the true physiology of the brain, and its mental 
functi 

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF PHRENOLOGY. 

1. The brain is the organ by which the mind manifests itself, 
and without which no mental action can take place during life. 
This proposition is now admitted by all enlightened Physiolo- 
gists, who by do means favor the science of Phrenology. It is 
also established by the following proofs : — 

1. *• Consciousness localizes the mind in the head, and gives 
us a full conviction that it is there situated, though it does not 
reveal the agent of its action. 

2. There are no manifestations of the mental faculties, with- 
out the existence of a brain. 

3. The natural manifestations are imperfect in the same ratio 
that the brain is defective, which may be noticed in many 
individuals who have been idiotic-from birth. 

4. If the brain be very large, and in a healthy state, the 
mental powers are very energetically manifested. 

5. As the brains of individuals increase or diminish, so also 
do their mental manifestations, in the same proportion. 

6. The manifestations of the mind always bear a relation to 
the perfection of the cerebral mass. 

7. A violent blow on the head, or a pressure of blood or any 
other fluid upon the brain, produces insensibility. 

v O] .in. or any other poison, by acting on the brain, sus- 
pends the Operation of the mind." 

II. " The brain is not a single organ, the whole of which is 
engaged in every mental operation, but an ga or con- 

geries of organs, each of which performs a distinct function 
This proposition is proved, — 

V 



M raODUCTOET or.si.RVATIONS. 

I. I v. Ditli i iiit functions in the body have always 

ire nerves for motion ; other nerves for 
- for touch, taste, smell, hearing and 

Ml the mental powers are not equally developed at the 
. which they should be, if the brain be a unit 
rent faculties are stronger in some individuals than 

1. In dreams, some faculties are active while others are dor- 
mant. 

5. It recollects some things much better than others. 

6. It experiences rest from fatigue by a change of studies. 

7. Partial genius could not exist, were the brain a unit. 

8. Partial insanity. 

9. The recorded effects of partial injuries of the brain. 

10. The authority of Haller, Fodere, Bell, and many other 
distinguished physiologists. Most metaphysicians have admit- 
ted that the mind manifests a plurality of faculties, though by no 
means through definite physical agents. The discovery that it 
does employ these agents, was left to immortalize Dr. Gall. 

III. " Size, other conditions being equal, is a measure of 
power." This proposition is supported by analogy through- 
out nature; and "by observation. The conditions to be observed 
are: 1st, Temperament; 2nd, Age; 3d, Health; and 4th, Exer- 
cise. Phrenologists contend that if these conditions are equal 
in two individuals, the one possessed of the largest organs will 
manifest superior powers of mind. These conditions should 
be kept in view, also, when comparing different compartments 
of the brain ; for one individual may have a smaller brain than 
another, and yet manifest the greatest amount of intellectual 
power. This will be seen to arise from the small brain being 
endowed with a larger intellectual lobe than the larger brain. 
But here the conditions vary ; and the judgment of the two 
must vary accordingly. 

[V. The form and size of the brain, and each of its parts, 



rRODUC nmv 0B8ERV kTIOHi i n 

aed from the externa] appeeranoe of the head, 
— while the health, «Ve. can be easily determined l>y other ex- 

TEMPERAMENI 

Mr. Combe, in his "System of Phrenology," girea thefbllow- 
lptk>D of the temperamental 

1. " The Lymphatic temperament if distinouishablo by a 
round form of the body, softness oi' the muecnlar system, reple- 
tion of the cellular tissue, fail hair, and | pale, elear skin. It is 
accompanied by languid vital actions, with weakness, and slow- 
■culation. The brain, as a part of the system, is 
also tl ml. and feeble in its action, and the mental man- 

proportionally weak. 
The Sanguine temperament is indicated by well denned 
18, moderate plumpness of person, tolerable firmness of flesh, 
light hair, inclining to chesnut, blue eyes, and fair complexion, 
with ruddiness of countenance. It is marked by great activity of 
the blood 7ea» Is. fondness for exercise, and an animated counte- 
nance. The brain partakes of the general state, and is active. 

be Bilious temperament is recognized by black hair, 
dark skin, moderate fullness, and much firmness of flesh, with 
harshly ei utline of person. The functions partake of 

great energy of action, which extends to the brain, and the 
count in consequence, shows strong, marked, and 

decided features. 

4. "The Nervous temperament is recognised by fine, thin 
hair, thin skin, small, thin muscles, quickness in muscular 
motion, paleness of countenance, and often d< lieate health. The 
whole nervous system, including the brain, is predominantly 
active, and the mental manifestations proportionally vivacious. 

"When comparing different brains, the temperament should 
always be to ; because tw be of the 

size, but if one be of the lvmphatie. rod the other of the nervous 
temperament, there will be great difference in the powers of 
manifesting the faculties.*' 



riH IN l 'ROD! ( TORY OBSERVATIONS. 

PHRENOLOGY IS ESTABLISHED BY OBSERVATION 
AND INDUCTION. 

•In Phrenology that faculty is considered as fundamental, 
primary, ox special, — 

1. Which exists in one kind of animals and not in another; 

'2. Which varies in the two sexes of the same species; 

3. Which is not proportionate to the other faculties of indi- 
viduals ; 

4. Which is not manifested simultaneously with the other 
faculties, that is, which appears or disappears singly, at earlier 
or later periods of life ; 

5. Which may act or rest singly ; 

6. Which is propagated in a distinct manner from parents to 
children ; 

7. Which may singly preserve its proper state of health, or 
be attacked by disease. Finally : 

8. Its existence is placed beyond doubt, if its peculiar organ 
be made known by repeated observation. 

Phrenology, like every other science, is established by ob- 
servations repeated both in the positive and negative way, (1,) 
in individuals ; (2,) in both sexes ; (3,) in different nations ; (4,) 
in criminals ; (5,) in insane persons. It is confirmed by anato- 
my, comparative phrenology, and by the natural language. " 

UTILITY OF PHRENOLOGY. 

1. " Phrenology is a powerful support to morality and religion. 

2. It is the only true philosophy. 

3. It is the foundation of a sound doctrine on insanity. 

4. It guides our judgment in social intercourse. 

5. It is the true basis of education. 

G. Its principles and practice are invaluable in jurisprudence, 
civil and criminal. 

7. It not only teaches us to know ourselves, but it goes a step 
farther, and teaches us to know others also. 



iNTRODrcTonv OBSERVATIONS. IX 

8. By demonstrating the natural variety of human dispositions 

and talents, and the ini of our strongest motives, it 

loudly urges us to judge charitably <>f the actions of others, 
and to make allowance tor their imperfections — to lay upon no 
individual more than he is aide to bear, and to desifll from the 
mad attempt! which have so often heen made, to assimilate to 
one common standard the opinions of the whole community. " 

! (cation OF THE FACULTIES. 

■ The powers of the human mind consist, of two grand 
es; the first, comprising those powers by means of which 

we are enabled to attain a knowledge of the objects of nature ; 
the i uprising those powers by which we are impelled 

to ac i 

u Each of these classes places man in relation to some external 
objects. The effect of the first class is, to place objects of external 
nature within man's cognizance or knowlege ; — the effect of the 
latter is, to induce actions from man, directed towards these 
external object 

•• Thai class of faculties which impels to actions, is termed 
the PROPELLENTS ; and that class which gives us knowl- 
of objects, the COMPREHENSIVES. 

" Each of these two classes is capable of being divided into 
distinct group*. Each of these groups comprises a number of 
faculties which combine, in the effects produced by them indi- 
vidually, to the attainment of some end in man's condition, 
which is absolutely necessary for him, constituted as he is.'' 

PHRENOLOGICAL CHARACTER. 

J MI \s I I I 

uzi of the phrenological organs of the 

individual examine nsequentlv r and 

energy of his primary mental powers, — thai is, his moral and 

.! character and vian ■ Will be indicated by the 

printed figures 1, 2, 3, 4. iure 1 signifying very MALI 



I INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS. 

2, small; 3, moderate ; 4, average; 5, full; 6, large; 7, 
rxm i m 

A Dash ( — ) /"/ore a figure indicates the number marked. 
The sio ii +, (plus, or more,) placed before the dash, shows that it 
is larger than it is marked, yet not enough so to require the 
ih \t larger figure; the sign O, (minus, or less,) that it is not 
quite as much as it is marked. These signs add and diminish 
about one-half of a degree. 

Definitions. — 1, or Very Small, means almost wholly 
wanting ; 2, or Small, feeble and inactive ; 3, or Moderate, 
signifies rather below mediocrity ; active only in a subordinate 
degree ; and having only a limited influence upon the mind and 
character ; 4, or Average, means fair, or between moderate 
and full, and includes the general analysis of the faculties ; 5, 
or Full, signifies respectable, though not marked or control- 
ling ; 6, or Large, applied to an organ, shows that its corres- 
ponding faculty has a powerful and an energetic influence upon 
the capabilities and feelings, if not conduct ; 7, or Very Large, 
means predominant, especially over the less energetic faculties ; 
constituting and giving tone and direction to the character and 
talents ; easily excited, and powerful in action ; and quite liable 
to perversion and abuse." 



GUIDE 



SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



COMBINED POWERS. 



ANIMAL rOWER. 

7. Excessive Animal Power. 

6. Large " M 

5. Full " " 

4. Av< " 

3. M " M 

-mail " « 

1. Very Small " " 



VOLITIVE POV 

7. Excessive Force of Will 

:r L re " M 

:». Full' ", M 

4. Average u m 

Moderate M " 

2. Small M M 

1 . Very Small " " 



MORAL POW>' 

7. Excessive Moral Power. 

(>. Large 

5. Full 

4. Avernorp 

3. Moderate 

2. Small 

1. Very Small 



INTELLECTUAL POWER. 

?. Excessive Intel. Power. 

6. La rge 

5. Fulf 

4. Av< 

3. Moderate 

2. Smfill 

J. Very Small 



Tho proportion to the whole, in which these different parts 
of the Drain are developed, must be duly considered in order 
properly to understand t -vr. It' the Animal power be 

n there will be ret of character; but the 

sions will not be carried m instant impal 

wet is large. And this will ; with the 

llectuaj \> • it' the part- a equal 

in tl. will ho a general equanimity i 

tion. Da in this case will depend on tin- stare] 

ment of the individual powers of mind. 



12 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 

TEMPERAMENTS. 

NKRYOUS. 

El livily and excitability of the feelings and intel- 

lect — indisposed to physical action — great want of muscular 
r— susceptible of great misery or joy — feels deeply, keenly, 
quickly. 

SANGUINE. 

E.\ livity of the muscular system — indisposed to 

sedentary pursuits — intellectual action sparkling, not nervous 
or painful — feelings buoyant and pleasing. 



Excessive vigor of the muscular sj T stem — intellectual action 
excessively strong and enduring, and but moderately active — 
requires great excitement to rouse up the mind to its full power 
of action. 

LYMPHATIC. 

Excessive inactivity of the muscular system — great want of 
mental life and action — very obtuse and dull in all operations of 
mind — greatly indisposed either to mental or physical activity. 

These constitutional qualities are very seldom found in a 
pure state in any individual. In the mercantile community the 
Nervous Bilious is the most frequent combination. In the 
literary, the Nervous Sanguine, and Nervous Sanguine Bilious. 
In the laboring, the Sanguine Bilious. They may be changed, 
ia a great measure, by attending to those duties which excite 
the one and render less active the others. It is very important 
in judging character, to observe carefully the quantity of each 
one of the simple constitutional elements which enter into the 
combination. For example : if the Nervous be marked 4, and 
either of the others be marked 2, then the Nervous will stamp &s 
peculiar character upon the action of the mind with double the 
force of the other, and the mental powers will be active accord- 
ingly. These conditions should never be omitted. 



Order I. Propellent Powers. 
GENUS 1.— PRESERVATIVE GROUP. 

The combined action of these propensities is, to preserve sim- 
ple existence* 

YITATIVENESS, OR LOVE OF LIEE. 

No external indications of the strength of this propensity have 
Liscovered, therefore its degrees have not been analysed. 



GUIDE TO SFLF-KNOY\ U.ix.r.. 13 



I.— ALIMENTIVENESS, 

1 Little desire to cat ; partakes of food only when Dature 

requires it. then cats without regard to quality; takes no 

pleasure in the luxuries of the table. 

•J with large strength of system and much exercise may cat 

rtilv. hut pays little if any regard to the quality of the 

d eaten, provided the quantity he sufficient. 

3 Hi- some choice of food, but generally eats that which is 

hearty j with strong constitutional powers and plenty of oxer- 

will not <-are much what the quality of food may 1" 
that enough be had. 

4 Fond of L r,,i> d food, hut docs not regard the quality as of the 

importance — quantity, if exercise be great, considered 
sequence. 

5 Relish Lkes some pains to hare the best, espe- 
cially if ntution, and of sedentary habits, 
otherwise, may eat heartily, and relish rather coarse food. 

lerable delight in the luxuries of the table ; often 
thinks of what will relish best: likes to have the hoard fur- 
nished with the best the season affords; somewhat of an epi- 
cure ; rather dainty ; generally much pleased with confection 
ary and sweets. 

the greatest pleasure in having all the luxuries 

of " * Idom satisfied unless eating of the very 

merely to gratify taste ; is much of an 

epicure: dainty ; if exercise be very great, may eat to surfeit. 

RESJ tRKS. 

The legitimate function of this propensity is to give quality 
of taste, and the instinct for food. Its organ is located at the 
rain, in front of the external opening of the ear. 
immediately above the zigomatic arch. When large, this 
portion of the head swells out round and full. It is always 
large in children ; hence, the obligation devolving on parents 
to see that it be properly regulated. A child should never be 
to obedience, or to the accomplishment of any under- 
taking, by the presentment of sweet-meats, or cakes, as ifl 

'•indulgent parents. By so doing, the most 
subverted to evil purposes, and a 
factit d. which very often leads to drun 

and gluttony; and^if Amativeness be large, to the most 

.Id he administered. 

and : If the propensity he weak, and 

murh (ten eat its food in t<<> 

great y impair its d This 

Sufficient time should 
be devoted to bat the gastric juice may accumulate 



li GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



in quantities sufficient to insure the proper digestion of the 
food.* 



GENUS 2. DOMESTIC OR SOCIAL GROUP. 

That class of faculties, whose combined effect is to consti- 
tute Man a domestic being. 

2. AMATIVENESS. 

1 Insensibility to physical love ; indifference to the opposite 
sex ; experiences no pleasure in their society, and has few or 
no sexual feelings. 

2 Has seldom any sexual desires or emotions of physical love, 
and never courts unlawful connexions with the opposite sex. 

3 Experiences sometimes modified desires for physical con- 
nexion of the sexes, increased by their immediate presence. 

4 Manifests rather a strong desire for the physical connexion of 
the sexes, and experiences some ardor in the association. 

5 Is susceptible of much delight by sexual manifestations, and 
courts their accomplishment; but if the moral qualities be 
large, will seek gratification in matrimonial connexion. 

G Is keenly alive to sexual emotions and manifests a strong 
desire for their gratification; uncontrolled by the moral feel- 
ings, seeks their gratification in illicit amours, &c. 

7 Possesses almost uncontrollable desires for sexual intercourse ; 
great depth and intensity of amorous emotions, which, if not 
restrained by high moral feelings, will beget lascivious looks, 
thoughts and words, and lead to the most debasing immoral- 
ities. 

REMARKS. 

The reproduction of the species is the primary object of this 
propensity, and its organ is located at the base of the brain, in 
direct communication with the nerves of sensation. When 
large, it gives a full rounded appearance to the lower back 
part of the head, at the nape of the neck. Under this condition, 
it is very liable to abuse. Its exciting object is the " presence 
of the opposite sex ;" and when in their society, its excitement 
must be carefully avoided. 

Parents should pay very particular attention to the training 
of this propensity, as in its earliest manifestations are sown the 
seeds of future vice. The restraint placed upon it must be that 
of acquainting the child with its legitimate uses, and the evils 

* For fiomn excellent pu^ostions relating to this propensity, see " Warne'a 
Phrenology in the Fumily." 



GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 15 



that it will engender, if left without restraint from the moral 
qualities and the understanding, [gnorance is ■ more frequent 

source ol* evil than motive, in the manifestation of this feeling. 

3. PHILOPROGENITIVfiNESS. 

1 Has no pleasure in the society of infants ; little or no interest 
in the sports and amusements Of children ; and. If a parent, 

will treat them as the other faculties may dictate. 

2 May feel some alight emotions of kindness toward infants; 
some interest in the pastimes oi^ the youn-r. and, as a parent, 
if the moral organs he larjro. would regard them more as 
objects of necessity than affection. 

Manifests kindliness of feeling toward infancy; devotessome 

attention to what interests children, particularly one's own ; 

but if Combati veness and Destructireness predominate over 

Benevolence, will treat them with much severity. - 
A Experiences some pleasure in the society of the young and 

helpless ; would not, however, often court their presence, but 

manifest some sympathy in their little wants, joys and sor- 

rov, 
5 Is rather affectionate toward children and infants ; partici- 
tes much in their sports and enjoyments; generally notices 

them when present, and seeks their society; as a parent, 

unless habitually irritable, would contribute much to their 

happiness, and treat them affectionately. 

S mpathizes deeply in all the wants and sorrows of infancy ; 

seldom passes a child without noticing it ; fondles and 

caresses the young; and, as a parent, takes deep delight in 

their joys and sports. 
7 Possesses the most vivid emotions of kindness and sympathy 

(br infants; delights in caressing and tending upon them; 

liable to over-indulge, idolize, and often to be imverned by 
m ; will experience a deep and lasting grief when bereaved 

of a child. 



The preservation of the young is the primary object of this 

Its organ is located directly above Amativenoss, 

and forms the most prominent point at the hark part of the 

h'-ad. When large, it pi i full and rounded 

i, it is prominent and pointed. The 

ttion of this propensity should be carefully 

guarded a| the whole influence Of the understanding, 

as in this degree ofdevelopement it i ugly liable to abuse. 

4. ADHESIVENESS. 

1 Insensible to attachment : dead to the perception of 

friendship; D 00 from sinister motives, 



l(i M IDF. TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



but never realizes it ; will abandon those deemed friends with 
reateat indifferent e. 

2 Experiences but little the sentiment of personal attachment; 
forms slight friendships, and parts with those who may have 
been acknowledged friends with little feelings of regret, almost 
with indifference. 

3 May be benevolent and kind toward friends, and experience 
sonic pleasure in their society, but when separated expe- 
riences little regret, and soon becomes estranged and indif- 
ferent toward them; never forms lasting personal attach- 
ments, and if selfish, makes friends but tools for self-gratifica- 
tion. 

4 May experience rather warm emotions of friendship while 
the objects are present, and seem ardently attached, but real- 
izes little regret when separated, and soon forgets the connec- 
tion, unless other motives be called in to aid personal affec- 
tion. 

5 Manifests warm personal attachments when the objects of it 
are present, and when absent often regrets the separation ; 
forms many friends and adheres to them well unless other 
motives of a selfish nature predominate. 

6 Is ardently devoted to friends and forms many lasting attach- 
ments; will become quickly united by affection to those who 
please ; sacrifices many personal considerations to promote 
their interests, and deplores their loss or absence as a serious 
calamity. 

7 Becomes excessively attached to persons upon the slightest 
acquaintance, arid manifests such ardor of personal friendship 
as to be almost inconsolable at the loss of a friend ; very often 
also exhibits strong affection when the object of it is unworthy. 



This propensity is the source of social union, and its organ is 
situated a little above and on each side of Philoprogenitiveness. 
When small, this region is flat or sunken; when large it is 
broad and rounded. Its manifestation in excess of developement 
should be restrained by the whole weight of the understanding. 
In order to cultivate the growth of its organ, parents should 
always impress upon the minds of their children that no one 
member of the family is more beloved than another, as a contrary 
mode of conduct will engender in the youthful mind a spirit of 
hatred and envy; but if properly exercised and trained it can 
be made the source of great benefit, both to parents and children. 

5. INHABITIVENESS. 

I Po attachment to place; takes as much delight in 

one habitation as another ; forms no local affections, and 



GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 17 



removes from one pari of the world to toother, without regret 
at the separation from the homestead where born. 
4 J Has very little affection lor the particular ipot where born or 

educated; all local attachments weak, and liable to be broken 

at the command of interest; seldom regrets leaving the place 

of nativity, and soon becomes weaned from it. 

ines much attached to any place where interest 

directs the abode ; abandons all Connection with locality with 

little feeling of sorrow, and easily becomes estranged from 

home. 

•1 II Dally become somewhat attached to the home of 

childhood, but will separate from it al tin 1 dictates of interest; 
would soon become estranged from one place and give all 
il b>ve to another ; may sometimes be a little homesick, 
but 1 1 . . t Oi 

5 Experiences rather disagreeable emotions of regret at parting 
from home, and would find it difficult to leave the place where 
born and educated without the hope of returning ; forms rather 
str attachments. 

6 For g- affection for place; is dearly attached to home 
and country ; readily forms local attachments where obliged 
to dwell, but grieves much at leaving the home where born; 
finds it difficult to remove affection from the spot around 
which are clustered many and delightful associations, and 
where many agreeable hours have been spent; often experi- 
ene 

7 Air luster around the hearth-stone of home ; regards 
the place of birth "as the holiest spot on the face of the 
earth :"' speaks with enthusiasm of country and home ; will 
abandon them only from necessity, and leave them but to 
return . exceedingly t'nnd of permanency in a place; dwells 
with morbid delight upon the rocks and hills, and flowing 
streams of childhoods days ; and should necessity compel a 
change of n - I would be contemplated with feelings 
of deep 'i tiers much from home-sickness. 

REMARKS. 

The primary function of this propensity is to give the love 

of place and liome ; it also begets the desire of permanence in 

•.-I is located immediately above Philoprogenitive- 

when lar • prominence and height to this 

part of the head. 

It is a principle in the economy of nature that all parts of the 
earth should be peopled; the excessive msnifestation of this 
propensity, therefore, would prove highly detrimental! inasmuch 
as it would pr> ! • harrier to emigration, the 

establishment of colonic ;ly, the propensity 

should be !, cultivated, or modified, according as its 



18 (.1 IDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 

manifestations may be t«»o excessive or too feeble. If they be toe* 
. the parent should impress upon the child's mind that 
field is the world." and that it is its duty to sustain a part 
in the cultivation of it ; that every part has its own peculiar 
Mltiea urging to its cultivation, and also its enjoyments to 
reward us lor our labor. If too feeble, the delights of home- 
should he presented as a means to promote the growth of the 
organ of this propensity, and its consequent power of action. 

GENUS 3. PROTECTIVE GROUP. 

That class of faculties, whose combined activity prompts man 
to constant vigilance, and circumspection before action ; with 
the ability to resist aggression, and inflict such punishment as 
will secure future peace ; also the power of keeping down the 
manifestation of such feeling and opinions as may prove inju- 
rious by free expression. 

6. COMBATIVENESS. 

1 Possesses no presence of mind in critical circumstances; 
never opposes or contends ; very easily overcome ; yields any 
right rather than quarrel for it ; may be rash but never cour- 
ous . 

*-i -Manifests little if any disposition to oppose ; not quarrelsome ; 
will do or suffer much to avoid disputation ; exhibits great 
deficiency of power to contend for personal rights ; makes 
feeble resistance. 

J If compelled by force of circumstances may occasionally man- 
ifest some courage, but will easily surrender; not warlike or 
fond of military pursuits ; avoids collision; generally found 
i the side of peace. 

4 Generally peaceful; disinclined to wrangling; some disposi- 
tion to stand out against aggression ; does not possess a con- 
tentious disposition ; will contend for rights if required, but 
had rather leave fighting and contention to others. 

f) Displays considerable presence of mind in dangerous circum- 
stances ; with good intellect, may be fond of argument; con- 
tends strongly for rights ; resists aggression; would fight hard 
if compelled by strong motives, and possesses a fair share of 

COUf 

G Often contends without reasonable motive ; opposes much for 
the sake of opposition ; courageous, bold and daring; if Cau- 
tiousness he small will get rashly into danger, but if large will 
not venture without motive ; if Conscientiousness be large, 
will maintain the right at all hazards. 

7 II is great desire to contend, dispute and oppose; will " con- 
fute, change sides, and still confute;" loves to " contradict 
aggressively, and to resist defensively ;" is remarkably bold 
3 daring; manifests great presence of mind in appalling 



< ■ r I 1 > I. TO SI.M'-KNOW! ED4 10 

circumstam r for the exciteuu m it pro- 

. hut if Cautiousness be large, will be careful amidst 
peril, it" amaU, will dash headlong without feat of conse- 
quence*. 



Tin 1 legitimate function of this propensity is t<> oppose ; it 
also confers the quality of cour Its organ is located about 

an inch hack of,8nd OD a level with, the tops of the ears. When 

!««t* the head is round, full, and presents great 

In children, there is BCSJCe a quality 
of mind more difficult to train, than that of Opposition; and 

indulgent parents too often stimulate the growth of its organ, 

by learning their children to strike, vVc thinking it looks 
cunn ey must beware ! This cunning, as it seems, will 

make the child* contentious, and difficult to govern, A j 

- is desirable, as il i ir; 'i^> ullt 

it must be carefully trained. 

7 DESTRUCTIVENESS. 

1 Is i [y inefficient; no force of character; has almost 

total want of power and energy ; incapable of manifesting 
ity ; never f< i Is an impulse to revenge. 
rreatwaut< of character; verytame 

and >ses hut very little severity, forceful - 

not in the least revengeful ; and excessively 
hard to an 

3 Is not passionate or easily angered; will suffer almost any 

ith lameness ; has some forcefulnesa and energy, but 
litt' Lion to revenge ; maybe angered, but the anger 

will 

4 Has fair force and emphasis of feeling, and will not submit 
to every insult without sng E : is not passionate or irascible ; 
has . and is sometimes severe ; with Concentra- 
tiveness large Will n insult. 

5 Is generally rather forcible and emphatic in feeling and action ; 
ma nation when irritated, but is not ha- 
bitually irritable; is rather harsh am in anger; With 

< ful. 

and deep force of fi eling, severity, and 

powerful keen indignation 

and has 

to he revengeful, fierce in 

nd malicious ; apt to cut the 

with harsh A < , to burst 

OUt On witlire.' 

cruel, and liable to commit CI 



20 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



The legitimate function of this propensity is to bring* man in 
harmony with nature, and give him that force and energy of 
character, which are necessary to his present existence. Its 
organ is located immediately above the ear, and breadth in that 
ii indicates its size. From the abuse of this propensity 
many evils to individuals and society, — such as revenge, 
murder, wanton destruction, &c. It is therefore necessary that 
parents should be particular in training its manifestations — 
frequent irritation has a tendency to promote the growth of its 
organ. Be not too harsh, or the child will be the same in disposi- 
tion — manifest anger, and the child will, also. Kindness modi- 
lies this propensity, and strengthens Benevolence. 

8. SECRETIVENESS. 

1 Has no power of concealment; expresses every thought and 
emotion by word or action, as they arise; is remarkably can- 
aid and open. 

2 Possesses very little art; seldom, if ever, harbors a thought 
or emotion, without expressing it; is much too candid, open 
and communicative ; has feeble power to control the manifest- 
ation of each emotion and sentiment. 

3 Manifests much openness and candor; is quite communica- 
tive ; uses cunning only from strong motives; seldom secre- 
tive ; finds it difficult to conceal each feeling and thought. 

4 More disposed to candor than artfulness; can, with little 
exertion, keep down the expression of sentiments and emo- 
tions ; is not habitually deceptive, but free and communica- 
tive. 

5 ( .cnerally discreet in expression ; and rather fond of conceal- 
ing motives ; but uses art more to effect necessary ends, than 
for mere purpose of deception. 

6 Is decidedly fond of plots and contrivances ; seldom expresses 
any motive clearly ; takes circuitous methods to effect even 
honest purposes ; has great power to conceal emotions and 
sentiments ; loves to master others' secrets. 

7 Is endowed with excessive power to keep down the manifest- 
ation of feelings ; makes a practice of concealing everything; 
is very cunning and artful ; never is seen in true colors ; 
contrives plots where none exist, worms out all others' secrets, 
and keeps all that relate to self — without Conscientiousness 
large, will lie often without regret, and cannot be trusted. 

REMARKS. 

The lecritimate function of this propensity is to conceal, and 
keep down the manifestation of such emotions and sentiments* 



GUIDE TO SELF-KXOWLEDiii:. 21 



as would, if ei Booh disquietude and regret in 

our mutual relations, ;i> members Of society. Its organ is 

ted immediately above, and ■ little front of Destructive] 
When large, this region id round and full. 

: i iples of its ibnae. 

Children learn to lie with facility when Urn organ is lai 
and no evil tends to promote the abuse of the propensity, and 
cons- owth of" the organ more, than the frequent prac- 

tice i ig them, and making them promises which are 

never intended to he performed — never elieat a child, or it will 

learn to do the same — never promise without performing — 
for a child sin in imitating the example of its parent or 

guardian. 

9. CAUTIOUSNESS. 

1 II ly rash, heedless and reckless: never stops to 

Haider, but is swayed to and fro by each impulse ; is very 
liable to meet constantly with accidents, tor want of consid- 
eration. 

aifests great want of consideration and circumspection; 
nd rash: very seldom looks to the future 
with apprehension ; has very little care in word or action. 

3 D< > -sess circumspection and forethought enough ; is 
not sufficiently guarded with care and watchfulness ; apt to 
be • and rash in action; docs not guard carefully 
against the coming future. 

4 Looks with some care to the future, but does not hah Una !hj 

much circumspection ; i* rather too much swayed by 
impulse ; with large Hope, is not prone to regard the future 
with tear. 

5 Has considerable caution, and is habitually careful J is not 
often hi i ; takes }\i'fd for the future) rally 

iderable forethought. 
I a large share of forethought and circumspection : looks 
well before acting; weighs consequences; is - 
or rash in ej] r action, unless moved by very strong 

tearful and timid. 

? M pprehension of future ills even when fortune 

fav bl in action; unless Hope be very 

ifflictetl with blue devils, and i^ely cir- 

cumspect in all things. 

Th' ' big prope: due? 

regap future ; and to be circumspect in mir actions, that 

present or prospective evil maj 

. and little bach lly forms 

the m When 1 



22 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 

there is i great breadth of this region; distance through denotes 
its ni 

The fundamental quality of this propensity, is fear; and per- 
sons possessing it very large, with Combativeness small, are 
very timid and apprehensive — with Hope small, are very sub- 
ject to melancholy, despondency, and indecision. 

Parents should" be very circumspect, whose children possess 
this organ large, that they never be subjected to fear, or to co- 
tbem by frightening, as is often done, in any manner. 
Horrible stories have a very evil influence in forming the char- 
acter of such children ; and promotes great indecision and ti- 
midity of feeling in after life — rendering them incompetent for 
active enterprise. 

GENUS 4. VOLITIVE GROUP. 

That class of faculties, whose combined activity carries out 
acts of will, as determined by each specific power in the group. 

10. SELF-ESTEEM. 

1 Possesses no dignity of feeling ; aspires to nothing great ; has 
no confidence in powers possessed; is regardless of power ; 
has no haughtiness of feeling, nor desire to domineer or op- 
press. 

2 Has very little dignity of character, or love of power ; may 
have vanity, but has very little pride; is not independent or 
haughty ; thinks meanly of self; is not self-opinionated. 

J Manifests some self-confidence ; has some pride and indepen- 
dence of feeling ; has weak desires for power for the sake of 
exercising it; makes few attempts to accomplish any thing 
great. 

4 Does not aspire to do great things ; has a fair degree of self 
respect; is not haughty or overbearing; has good degree of 
independence of feeling ; manifests some love of power, but 
is not domineering or proud. 

5 Is rather self»opinionated, and has considerable independence 
of character ; does not love to be dictated to, — but is fond of 
dictating, and exercising power ; is apt to have high aspira- 
tions, and good confidence in self. 

h ]s independent in feeling, and will be so in action, if possi- 
ble ; bai great love of liberty, and large share of self confi- 
dence ; is prone to think too much of self; and is particularly 
fond of having and exercising power. 

7 Possesses overweening self-confidence; is very apt to be in- 
sensible to the merits of others; regards self and selfish 
gratification as of paramount importance ; is excessively fond 
of exercising power; is haughty, proud, and often overbear^ 
ing and egotistical. 



GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 23 



KVM VRKS. 

The legitimate Amotion of this sentiment is to create that de- 

If-confidence and self-respect, which will admit of our 
independent action, and favor tin* manifestation of such powers 

of mind as wo possess. Us organ is located at the top of the 

head, at the commencement of its slope backwards, hack of 
Firmness. 

Pettishnei *nce,andc self-love, are some of its 

abuses. Its training, therefore, should he carefully attended to, 
when largelv developed, or its abuse will be certain. 

Children largely endowed with this sentiment are difficult to 
govern, and should early be subjected to the influence of whole- 
itraint, or the sentiment will run riot, and future con- 
trol will be almost impossible. They should not, however, be 
ed with Contempt, as inferiors, as this mode irritates the 
sentiment and insures a more rapid growth of its organ. Firm- 
tnd decision, mingled with kindness, are its best palliatives, 
and insure its most effectual subjection. 

11. APPROBATIVENESS. 

1 Excessive want of regard of the good or bad opinion of oth- 
ers, and indifference to censure or praise ; insensible to flat- 
tery and fame ; experiences no emotions of vanity or bash- 
ful ii' 

real indifference to notoriety or the regard of the 
world; has but little sense of shame, and is but very little 
wounded by ridicule or scorn ; is not vain or sycophantic. 

3 Is not regardless of the smiles or frowns of society, nor un- 
susceptible to the charms of praise ; lias fair regard for 
popularity and fame, but is rather regardless of censure ; is 
not apt to be vain. 

4 Possesses considerable pride of character; is influenced some 
by the opinions of others ; is rather sensitive to slander and 
ridicule ; is rather desirous so to conduct as to please all, and 
fond 

5 Experiences strong desires for fame and popularity; is quite 
ambitions of private and public favor: is much wounded by 
censure or ridicule ; is quite elated by praise, and rather vain ; 
is quite susceptible to flattery. 

of character, and would suffer very much by 

its 1 approbation of friends or the world in 

every action ; is greatly d by ridicule ; quite ambitious 

of distinction. 

7 Is i ly fond of praise, distinction, fame, admiration of 

public, popularity ; hta very strong emotions of ambition, 

emulation; npushments : extremely sensitive 

to ridicule ; and apt to prize too highly superficial appearan- 
ces. 



34 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



Kl. MARKS. 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to prompt us to 
feel ;i regard lor the opinions of the world, and to adapt our- 
es to the circumstances and influences into which we are 
thrown by fortune, so as to insure the greatest amount of pleas- 
ure to ours. Ives, and peace to society. Its organ is located on 
either Bide of Self-Esteem, back of Cautiousness; and fullness 
hack from Cautiousness, denotes its size. Vanity, for useless 
display, bashfulness, and much regard for flattery, are some of 
its abuses. When this power is directed to its legitimate 
source — the approbation of the virtuous, and the Deity — for 
ttid benevolent actions, we recognise in it much usefulness 
and iroodness. Parents should be very careful in training this 
sentiment, — for it is susceptible of being directed as well to 
evil as good purposes. Low-minded individuals are vain of 
their prowess in right, or in drinking, or even in killing. This 
feeling should always be cultivated with the moral and intellec- 
tual powers — flattery should never be used to induce action on 
their part ; nor should they be praised for their beauty, as either 
of these will instil vain principles and insure the rapid growth 
of the organ of the sentiment, and its consequent power and 
activity will be increased. Praise a child for its virtue in 
resisting temptations to vice — for its kindness and justice, and 
you will insure virtuous principles in after life. 

12. FIRMNESS. 

1 Possesses no stability of purpose ; is totally deficient in per- 
severance of character ; excessively variable under all cir- 
cumstances ; manifests no power of will; exceedingly fickle. 

2 Is very unstable and fickle-minded; manifests very little per- 
severance and determination of character ; possesses very 
little force of will ; very easily yields under adverse circum- 
stances. 

3 Has but moderate perseverance and stability of purpose ; 
manifests but indifferent power to withstand the will of others; 

• t firm or stubborn, but rather fickle and variable. 

1 Will yield rather easily under much disadvantage; is some- 
what pliant, and convertible to the will of others; may be ob- 
stinate in a small degree, but is not persevering enough to 
warrant great success, unless circumstances are favorable. 

'< Manifests a fair degree of perseverance ; is quite determined 
at times ; may be made to yield under accumulated disadvan- 
tages; but has considerable stability of purpose and charac- 

6 Has great firmness and perseverance of character; manifests 
much power of will; is quite destitute of pliancy of charac- 
ter or fickleness ; pursues objects till accomplished, even under 
many disadvantages. 



(.TIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE, 25 

7 Possesses predominating firmness rod stubbornness of pur- 
until the List m every undertaking; bai 

it obstinacy of will and stability of character; is very in- 
flexible in determination. 

! 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to induce 

stabilitv of purposes, and the inclination to persevere to the 

attainment of objects desired. The faculty exhausts its entire 
r on self, and has DO relation to external objects, independ- 
; action. It can be directed, in others, only through fear, 
the understanding, and milder sentiments. The two last 
Conditions seem to be the most effectual instruments to be used 
for its government. Before the understanding becomes dcvel- 
children, the moral sentiments alone should be the 
agentl far its subjugation. The reason for this is simple. Fear 
being used, renders Cautiousness too active, while mildness, 
mingled with superior firmness, renders the moral sentiments 
more active, and leaves an inward guardian to the mind when 
outward restraint is withdrawn. The organ is situated at the 
apex or top of the head. Passing a line vertically over from 
either ear, will intersect the front part of the organ. When 
larije. it is raised considerably above Cautiousness, — when 
small, if Conscientiousness be also small, the head will present 
nearly an equal plane across from Cautiousness. If Conscien- 
tiousness be large, and Firmness small, there will be a hollow at 
its site. 

13. CO.NCENTRATIVENESS. 

1 Excessively prone to change with each impulse received from 
the other sentiments as they may spring into activity ; cannot 
continue in a protracted state of feeling or thinking; con- 
ntlv changing in feeling and thought. 

I very difficult to confine attention to any subject ; is 
carried away by the impulse of each emotion ; very variable, 
and has very little continuity of thought or feeling. 

prone to change often the subject of reflection ; experiences 
M difficulty in continuing in one state of mind or feeling ; 
nd of variety. 

4 Hanifi a restless spirit; rather prone to change: 
rati .It to confine attention to one subject without 
Others intruding upon the mind; often takes a variety of 
DM :i object. 

5 Will not experience much difficulty in cultivating habits of 
atb ttCCS fair continuity of thought — feedings 
son i isily change the subject of thought 
and attend to ecta. 

3 



JO GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 

i. Is much disposed to continue at one subject until thoroughly 
investigated; has ready power of attention to any subject 
brought forward; has much continuity of feeling; is often 

absent-minded. 
? Manifests mat power of attention; experiences but very sel- 
i any change in the mode of mental action; very often 
absorbed by individual train of thought — feelings long pro- 
tracted, and often absent-minded. 

REMARKS. 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to confine the 
action of one or more faculties to a given point, at direction of 
will j for, without some quality of this character, the mind 
would be like a vessel at sea, without rudder, blown about by 
each emotion which might happen to predominate for the time. 
Observation establishes the existence of this faculty, and its 
concomitant organ. It is situated between Self-Esteem and In- 
habitiveness. When moderate or small, there is generally a 
hollow at the place named, especially if Inhabitivenessand Self- 
Esteem be large. 

In order to cultivate this power in children, they should be 
subjected to change and variety as little as possible. And even 
this may fail if nature has endowed them with but a small 
portion of the organ on which it depends for manifestation. 
Therefore, it is advisable to confine their attention, at first, only 
to such subjects as are most interesting to their predominating 
intellectual powers, after which, when strength has been accu- 
mulated in attention, other subjects may be brought forward 
with success. 

GENUS 5. MORAL GROUP. 

The combined action of which constitutes Man a moral and 
religious being. 

14. BENEVOLENCE. 

1 Possesses no sympathetic emotions for the sufferings of others ; 
has excessive hardness of heart ; is callous to the calls of be- 
nevolence ; with Destructiveness large, is morose and cruel 
to excess. 

2 Possesses very little kindness of feeling or sympathy of emo- 
tion ; has very little generosity ; is hard-hearted, and nearly 
dead to the emotion of pity; is very regardless of the suffer- 
ing of others ; when angered, shows little mercy. 

3 Does not manifest much mercy of disposition ; has but little 
gentleness of character ; rather indifferent to the misery of 
the wretched ; possesses but little kindness; experiences no 

rong emotions of sympathy. 



GUIDE TO M.i.r-K.\ow I id 2*3 

1 fa BUBceptible of rathe emotions of pity tor the luf- 

thers, but it not habitually prone to acta 
kindness or benevolence ; is rather cold-hearted, and seldom 

?rous or much of s philanthrop 
ood share of benevolent emotiom ; feels rather keenly 
for the distresses of others: DAI Considerable kindness, and 

sympathy; is rather warm-hearted; is not apt to manifest 
elty. 

very kind-hearted, benevolent, and philanthropic j mani- 
fests great kindness and generosity of disposition; feels very 

ply tor the miseries of mankind, and lias much pleasure 
in their relief. 

ve philanthropy ; is always most happy when 

ffding others relief from distress; is very much affected 

by i ntle- 

I, and benevolence. 

VKKS. 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to convey our 
sympathies out of self, and induce a kind regard for the welfare 
of others, witli a corresponding philanthropy of action: — 
mercy is its peculiar attribute. Its organ is situated at the top 
of the forehead, generally a little back of where the hair com- 
mences its growth. In the eyes of the world, even the abuse of 

sentiment is deemed a virtue. "We very seldom, if ever, 

are too kind, pitiful, and benevolent; yet such an anomaly 

rj and. at any rate, the sentiment should be trained 

to act harmoniously with the other feelings and understand ing, 

as well as the customs of society. The most effectual method 

titivate the growth of the organ of this sentiment, and 

insure its activity, is to present its natural object, — that is, 

iid misery ; take the child to witness the atfording 

relief to the sutreniiL r and afflicted, and benevolent emotions 

will follow as a con- 

15. VENERATION. 

. religious emotions of adoration or ho- 
liness ; has no respect for superiority of rank, or for ancient 
thinL r s°r opinions, and with Self-Esteem large — for any tiling 
but I 

ry few reverential emotions, and very little respect for 
rank or I ry little p prayer, and cannot 

■ 

but weak re in prayer ; is not 

d. but may be so to superiors, from intei 

but 01 rank. 

1 I- itial in demeanour ; p | rd to 

inn emotiom of pleasure in pi 
lip r of D< 



28 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



5 Pays much regard to divine worship; feels strong emotions 
religious leal, when attending the worship of God; is a 
respecter of worth, unless Self-Esteem be excessive ; is habit- 
ually respectful. 

(■» Manifests great respect and deference for worthy objects, 
Drily, rank, and possibly, wealth ; experiences much awe 
when attending upon the Creator ; is affable, and always res- 
pectful. 

? Feels excessively vivid emotions when engaged in divine 
worship ; is very reverential and respectful to parents and su- 
periors ; loves excessively to contemplate the holiness of the 
Deity. 

REMARKS. 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is respect — it 
raises the mind to things superior ; and is a great element in 
true devotion. Take this element from the human mind, and 
it neither feels nor sees any thing superior to self. Its organ is 
located in the middle of the top of the head, back of Benevolence r 
and front of Firmness. 

Subserviency to hereditary power, awe in the presence of 
those in higher rank, and blind worship without reason, are 
some of its abuses. The contemplation of objects superior to 
self and made tangible, together with habitual respect shown, 
seem to be the most effectual methods to cultivate this sentiment 
in children. Forcing them to perform any act, by exciting Self- 
Esteem, Combativeness and Destructiveness, seems to have a 
\sry deleterious influence upon the growth of this organ, and 
activity of the sentiment. Unless children naturally take delight 
in religious exercises, forcing them to perform devotional acts 
prompts them to despise and hate the subject itself; and, there- 
fore, they never will, when freed from restraint, devote their 
minds to holiness — whereas, the contrary mode of kindly 
leading their young minds step by step onward, will finally 
secure the desired effect. 

16. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 

1 May know what is right and just, but never feels the least 
desire to perform it for its own sake ; never has compunctious 
visitings for having sinned, or performed an evil action. 

2 Does not scruple to perform almost any action for present 
gratification; will lie without compunction; has very little 
desin- to act justly, and scarcely ever feels any remorse of con- 

nce. 
Idom scruples to equivocate for interest ; does not feel keen 
remorse of conscience for evil deeds performed ; is seldom 
conscious of having done wrong; and always finds some pal- 
liative for sin. 



GUIDE TO SELF-KNOW 1. KIM, r. gg 

4 Is rather fond of truth, hut as an instrument; will, without 
much scruple, equivocate ; does art keenly feel the Injust 

Of en evil act; most always finds some justilicat mil for evil 

[anifests considerabl generally endeavors 

to do wlnt is right; may he tempted to deal unjustly, but 

uld sutler ; compunctions of conscience 

r it. 

•ruth and justice; feels keenly the rinht, and 
know mif it, w ill nearly always do it ; will not lie or equivo- 
witlmut great motive, and would sutler severely in con- 
' it. 

vely lively sense of justice ; great integrity of 
character ; keenest remorse when known to have counselled 
evil ; inflexible in truth, and upright and godly in mind. 

KIM \KKS. 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to confer a love 
of right and justice; — knowledge of light depends upon the 
evidei :ts applied to the understanding ; but this power 

gives the feeling of right, or inward satisfaction at having 
irmed a just action — it quickens the understanding to 
know what is right, and seeks to avoid wrong, because it is 
pained by witnessing it. Its organ is situated on either side <»f 
Firmness, between that and Cautiousness. When large, the 
head, in this region, swells up round and full. 

This sentiment, in the infant, is trained best by example. As 
soon as infancy the right should be taught by example, 

and through the influence of the understanding. Learn a child 
to feel right, and it will act right ; — and vice versa. 

17. HOPE. 

Messes no buoyancy of spirit ; does not look to the future 
w -it li any degree of hope of good ; if Cautiousness be large, 
alv. .-ts distress and misery. 

2 Has very little buoyancy of spirits; is not prone to enterprise 
or speculation ; ventures but very little with hopes of real- 
izin is apt to be desponding, and looks to the future 
for but 1. 

3 Builds bl -ties in the air j may at times he elated when 
very prosperous, but is prone to expect DO more than judg- 
ment will warrant, and is not v.ry enterprising or speculative. 

4 Is but little d much without g ranee 

success; has a fair degree of sanguinenesi of expectation ; 
aot apt habitually to | kUOn, or to be too inflated or 

buoyant. 

5 Manifests considerable enterprise of spirit; rather sanguine 
of success in every undertaking; apt to promise self as much 

9 



30 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



joy in future, as reason will sanction ; and is rather prone to 
speculate. 

Looks to the future with assurance of success in every un- 
dertaking ; has much buoyancy of hope ; is loath to believe 
that all will not be realised which is expected ; likely to be 
carried away by speculation. 

Anticipates much more of joy or success than reason will 
warrant ; very apt to build castles in the air; promises every 
thing in the future, and very subject to be carried away by 
speculating mania. 



The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to induce the 
mind to dwell upon future prosperity and joy, that life may be 
rendered tolerable amidst sorrow or misfortune. And even in, 
the full plenitude of every earthly enjoyment, life would lose 
one half its virtue, could not the mind still dwell in the pro- 
spective. Its organ is located on either side of Veneration, and in 
front of Conscientiousness. When large, the head, in this region, 
swells up round and full. Childhood and youth are periods 
peculiarly favorable to its activity. But while the parent 
cultivates this feeling in the child, its legitimate aim, futurity, 
must not be lost sight of; for, it is this faculty which yearns 
after immortality, and hopes for bliss in the eternal world. A 
due regard must be paid that it grows with reason, and is culti-. 
vated with the understanding. 

18. WONDER. 

1 Has no faith, or disposition to believe that which is indepen-i 
dent of the senses ; is excessively doubtful upon all subjects "" 
which cannot be reduced, to a mathematical certainty. 

2 Manifests great want of faith and trust in that which is not 
demonstrable to the senses ; reason may dictate the existence 
of Deity, yet, notwithstanding, is often doubtful and skeptical. 

3 Places but little reliance upon things wonderful or strange ; is 
rather wanting in faith ; desires every thing demonstrated to 
a mathematical certainty before believing. 

4 Believes on good authority ; possesses a fair degree of faith ; 
not apt to be very skeptical ; is rather desirous of accurate 
demonstration to the senses before receiving any thing out of 
ordinary course. 

5 Is not credulous nor skeptical ; believes on good evidence ; is 
prone to regard things that cannot be accounted for, according 
to the authority on which they are based ; has no lack of faith. 

G Is likely to place implicit confidence in divine revelations; is 
rather prone to believe things miraculous, to be possible, unless 
contrary to the dictates of reason, and is not in the least skep- 
tical. 



MIDI TO SELF-KNOW IT. I m.i:. $J 

7 Remarkably on authority which may be 

questioned ; food of contemplating tin* mysterious attributes 
of Deity, very great confidence in Scripture auricles; with 
weak refieetii i, i belieTex in ghosts, worn!' 

The lt^oritinuite fus lentimenf is. to induce faith. 

There arc many things, even in every day life, which mu 

ih; and without a aentiment of thia character we 
ahould be unfit tor the fulfilment of our social relatione. & - 
pertaining to our welfare hereafter, 
which the understanding cannot fathom, and which arc wisely 
withheld from <>ur knowledge! tor unknown purpose! I 
latter pun m to be the true source to which this * nil 

men! u re! 

situated in front of Hope, each side of the front 

part of Veneration, and extends downward towards Ideality. 
When larj gion ofthe head il thrown up full and high. 

This organ is large in almost all children j and hence their 
reliance upon, and love of, what is strange, miraculous, and 
wonderful. Also, hence, the necessity of guiding the sentiment 
to activity within its legitimate sphere. 

GENUS 6. PROGRESSIVE GROUP. 

That class of sentiments, the combined action of which con- 
stitutes Man a progressive being. 

19. IDEALITY. 

1 Experiences no aspirations for the attainment of the perfect 
or beautiful ; has excessive vulgarity; no poetry of imagina- 
tion, or refinement of feeling ; is very common and coarse in 
taste, and expression of id( ■;> 

2 Possesses very little refinement of fancy or feeling ; is habit- 
ual i and vulgar ; has little or no desire to attain per- 
fects in any thing ; is low-minded in point of taste and cm 
bellishment of id> 

3 Possesses but little refinement or fancy ; is common in 
pression and feeling; has but little desire for perfection in the 

utiful and SSC4 Bent; is not at all poetical, and is rather 

4 Ex fot the attainment of excel.. 

and m ; has some refinement of feeling and poesy of 

tho icy 

5 Manifests consid'i I inn 
emotion when wit leautiful ; is quite desiroi 
attaining 

garity and is rather poetical in feeling. 



M CU1DE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



it desire to embellish and beautify all things perform- 
ed, and ideas to be expressed ; is exalted in emotion, and has 
Strong desires lo attain perfection and excellence; despises 
vulgarity and coarseness. 

? Is very fastidious in taste and fancy; aims at a higher stan- 
dard of excellence than may be attained with ordinary effort ; 
18 very pot t i c a 1 in emotion and thought, and very fond of era- 
hellishinents, whatever is beautiful, perfect and transcendental. 

REMARKS. 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to prompt the 
mind to aspire after the perfect and excellent — it induces 
progression, and is the source of civilization — stimulating to 
the attainment of another more beautiful relation, as soon as 
present objects are possessed. 

Its organ is situated on each side of Wonder, just at the 
upper part of the temporal muscle, along the frontal ridge. 
When large, this region of the head is broad through, and full. 

This quality of mind should be cultivated in children, in 
connexion with the moral sentiments, that they may attain 
excellence of character, and learn to appreciate only that, as 
truly beautiful, which is truly good. They who possess this 
sentiment only in a small degree, and are satisfied with coarse- 
ness, and would rather retrograde back to barbarism, than 
render more perfect that which exists at their hands, should 
have the beautiful and excellent constantly held up before them, 
for their imitation, and to stimulate emulation to compete with 
its attributes. 

20. IMITATION. 

1 Has no desire to copy, or imitate, or take from the manner of 
others example in works of art, conduct, expression ; or to 
imitate in literature ; and is unable to give correct example 
of others. 

2 Is quite deficient in imitative desire, and dramatic talent ; un- 
able to give correct expression from nature in works of art; 
and little love or pleasure in following after the example of 
others in manner. 

3 Possesses but little love of mimicry, or desire to copy the 
manner and expression of others ; cannot learn to imitate 
with ease and facility ; and has but poor ability to learn from 
example. 

4 Manifests fair imitative powers ; is but little prone to mim- 
icry, or copying from example ; has some taste for portraying 
nature, but has not sufficient stimulus from imitation to give 
nice expression. 

5 Experiences rather strong impulses to imitate; is not, how- 
ever, habitually imitative or prone to mimicry ; has rather 



QOTDI to si:i i -know u.iK.r. 33 

pit nsur;i p o r tray m en! of 

tan <>r art. 

6 Hsa much lore of imi1 d oopywith facility such op- 

predominating intellect!, itiei wan 

is very fond tud rather prone to attempt, por- 

traymenl of nature 

7 Manifest copy and Imitate, in manner, 

the expression of others, to copy works of art or nature : has 
nil intuitive poWOf to give OOI 

KIM I 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is. to furnish the 
desire to imitate; anil aifords an additional stimulus to that 

end. by accompanying it with a ple a s urab le emotion. It p 

merely to furnish the quality to imitate : hut does El 

ny particular object to be imitated. Its organ is 
d on I Ither side of Benevolence ; and its size is indi< 

by this region of the head being thrown out square and roll. 

11. the head slopes off rapidly from Benevolence. 
Children, having this organ very large, will always imitate 
whatever they witness others perform ; and, hence, the necessity 
that those so constituted, should always have the best example 
set before them. This sentiment is very easily trained in con- 
nexion with the moral sentiments; and thus an additional 
reason exists why it should not be trained except in their com- 
pany. It must also be guided by reason. Parents are too apt 
to regard that child as precocious and witty, which constantly 
amuses itself and others, by taking off the peculiarities of those 
it sees. This cannot l>e too carefully guarded against, as it 
neither strengthens justiee or benevolence. 

21. ACQUISITIVENESS. 

1 Possesses no desire to accumulate, to acquire property ; has 
no disposition to keep that already possessed ; if Benevoli 
be large, and Self-Esteem small, labors to live, not for acqui- 
ion. 

'J II - \ ry little love for money, or desire to accumulate ; la- 
bors for the gratification of the other faculties, not for Acquis- 
iti\' >unts no cost for the gratifical edomina- 

tine; 

i 1 1 1 1 1 ; has but imall desire to 

uon 

than this; ami little pleasure 

• on. 

to ih'' gratification of ruling 
- some j,! lim- 

its real worth. 



31 (iUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



5 Manifests rather strong desire to accumulate, and takes con- 
siderable pleasure in acquisition ; is rather a respecter of 
i lth ; makes considerable exertion to gain money for its 
own sake and appendages. 

• > Bxperiences strong desires to accumulate, and to acquire, af- 
fords strong pleasurable emotions ; manifests much respect 
for wealth, and love of money ; seldom feels satisfied with 
what is already possessed. 

7 Is excessively anxious to accumulate ; and is a great lover of 
money ; will not be satisfied with present possessions, be they 
ever so much ; is a very great respecter of wealth, in what- 
ever manner or by whomsoever possessed. 

REMARKS. 

The legitimate function of this sentiment is, to acquire, 
without any regard being paid to the thing or the object of 
acquisition. Wlien it is large, and Conscientiousness deficient, 
it prompts to theft to gratify its desire ; or, under other circum- 
stances, to cheating. Its organ is locateoV at the temples, above 
Constructiveness. When large, the temples are broad and full. 

Parents should early train the child, with this organ large, to 
know and respect the rights of property. To stimulate chil- 
dren thus constituted, to love and save money is one of the 
worst of evils, as it increases its already too great strength and 
activity. It is only when the organ is known to be small, that 
such stimulus must be applied. 

22. CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 

1 Possesses no mechanical tendencies or disposition to mechan- 
ical pursuits ; has no stimulus to encourage such intellectual 
powers as are possessed, to inventing or improving machinery. 

2 Manifests no love for mechanical operations ; is not stimula- 
ted to mechanical invention or improvement ; has very little, 
if any, desire to direct intellectual abilities to construction. 

3 Experiences but little pleasure in the pursuit of mechanical 
arts; directs but feeble efforts towards accomplishing any 
piece of mechanism ; may be a mechanic from necessity not 
from love. 

4 Will not from nature manifest love for, and desire to pursue 
the mechanical arts as a practical builder or former of things; 
may, with strong understanding, become an inventor. 

5 Is rather fond of mechanical operations ; may, from vanity, 
dislike mechanical pursuits; yet has considerable love for 
adaptation and contrivances to save extra exertion ; is rather 
inventive 

G Has strong mechanical tendencies; with Causality large, pos- 
»sea ready facility in adapting means to ends; is of a con- 
triving, inventing turn of mind ; and has much love and 
taste for the constructive arts. 



GTJIDI - LP-KNOWLEDOl 36 



7 Will be likely to pi I oni to all 

cop i inrenting mind ; with In- 

tel!' ,i. iii- 

arts. 

ipt one thi 
. without any regard :<» its fitness, thui prompting 
intell istruction, and affording the i 

stimulus t«> render mechanical pursuits agreeable, or, engender- 
•r them. Its organ is Located at tin- templet, about an 
inch d a little hark of the external angle of the i 

:ccn who have it large will he constantly fond of building 
things; and those thus i d ihould be applied to such 

predominating intellect may determine. Borne 
may have it large, and yet be better constituted for some pro- 
thai] mechanics). In all cases when 
ir with the capacity, it would be more judicioc 
agree to the former, as capacity will not work well without 
inclination. 

23. MIRTHFULNESS. 

1 Entire want of mirthfulness. and gaiety of feeling ; has no 
perception of the ludicrous, no sympathy with the playfulness 
and liveliness of other beings, no disposition for wit or humor. 
ry poor perception of the ludicrous ; never disposed to 
perpetrate jokes, " bon mots" &c. ; very little playfulness, 
humor, and gaiety J staid, and disposed to view everything in 
a gloomy and sombre light. 

3 But moderate gaiety and liveliness of disposition ; but little 
disposed to view things in a ludicrous light, or to be playful 
and mirthful ; of rather a serious cast, but can perceive wit 
and humor; not much sympathy with it. 

4 Somewhat gay and mirthful, hut. not strongly so; has fair 
perception of wit and humor; rather poor jester; relii 

•s and fun pretty well, though little tact in originating 
th« : 

5 Bas rather a quick perception of the ludicrous; isTathei 

> mirth and gaiety j has lively sympathy with the 

mirthfulness and playfulness of others ; rather q 
tee; fond of jokes and fun. 

in a ludici 
light; fa mirth and humor, and very li 

sympathy with the p] quick al 

and turn:; 

7 Is excessive it, mirth 

percept Lion, 

great lor mimicry ; taking off 



36 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 

with large Destructiveness, and small Benevolence, great for 
satire and ridicule, without mercy. 

REMARKS. 

Perhtpa there is no faculty of the human mind more modified 
in its manifestations by different fundamental powers than this. 
But, under all its modifications, the same end seems to be at- 
tained — viz. — to excite mirth. Its legitimate function is, 
therefore, to impart happiness and mirth when we witness the 
incongruous. It is the feeling of the ludicrous, and seems to 
have been bestowed on man for his special enjoyment. 

The organ of this faculty is situated on each side and out- 
ward of Causality — in front of Ideality, beneath the frontal 
ridge, and gives squareness to the forehead. 

When this organ is large, combined with large Imitation, in 
children, and not properly balanced by the moral powers, or 
fittingly regulated in action by training, they are prone to ridi- 
cule and make a jest of things, objects, and persons entitled to 
respect and veneration. It is absolutely necessary, therefore, 
that its manifestations be carefully attended to by parents and 
guardians. This disposition may be remedied by pointing out, 
through the intellect, its legitimate sphere of action, and the 
true merits and result of the quality in question : thus the child 
may, in part, act as its own guardian. The same may be said 
of all the other fundamental faculties of the mind. Mere pro- 
hibition of an act is not sufficient for the correction of youth ; 
Lut reasons and causes must be added thereto why the act in 
question will prove injurious. [For further illustrations on the 
subject of training the sentiments and propensities, see " Warne's 
Phrenology in the Family."] 

Order II. Comprehensive Powers. 

GENUS I. EXTERNAL SENSES. 

The means by which Man communicates with the external 
world. They, of themselves, form no ideas, but communicate 
impressions to those parts of the brain whose functions are to 
form ideas. 

GENUS II. SIMPLE PERCEPTIVE GROUP. 

That class of faculties through which the mind perceives the 
existence of simple objects and their qualities. 

24. INDIVIDUALITY. 

1 Remarkably indifferent in disposition to observe existences, 
or individual objects ; unable to give definiteness or tangibili- 
ty to ideas ; never personifies abstract conceptions of Deity. 



GUIDE TO SFI r-K\o\\ [,i:iii,r. 37 

2 Quito deficient in power or dii 

;' Individ u do! individus 

ind indefinite in communication, 
ritical in cli or personifying 

net prone t-> individual ative 

. rathrr vague in i<:' 
4 Manui Jenl tor i in, l"it doei not diacrimi* 

Rate nicely ■' il existence! | pos* 

but cting knowledge <>\' exi 

. t i r l talent of i m ; rathei prone to 

rood facility in sol 
ing knowledg in natural Eustory; 

in communicating knowledge. 

individual existence ipl to per* 

sonify i mil conception! ; sees almoaf er< 

liin finite and pointed in communicating knowl* 

7 Poi markable powei of observation; manifests the 

greatest facility in detecting new individual existences; very 
definite in ideas ; has very great desire to know objects. 

ki marks. 

This faculty perceives simple existences combined of various 
qualities ; and extends no farther than to discriminate separate 
individual existences. It gives tangibility to abstract ideas, and. 
conceives combinations as units. Effects arising from it are 
observation and curiosity to know existences. Its organ is sit- 
uated directly above the root of the nose. When large, the eye- 
brows are thrown apart, and the brow projects downward and 
outward. 

Form. 

1 Totally indifferent as to the form or shape of objects; no re- 
membrance of the appearance of things in outline of config* 
oration, and cannol diatinguish countenances from each other. 
;v poor memory of persons, things, and configuration 

likely to confound one existence with another; 

finds it very hard to distinguish forms and shapes from nuiu- 

' in memory of forms, snap* ticn« 

lar curvatures, in general; I pood pou I to 

mei nee of abf 

absent !>• 

has a tolerabi pes. and i . but 

fail . before the mmd. 

-, shapes, and 
been carefully scrutinu lind with i 

4 



38 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



liderable facility ; has a good conception of configurations in 
general. 

(', Possesses great facility in detecting slight differences in form, 
and general configuration ; remembers shapes, and counte- 
nances for great tength of time, and. can re-produce them 
before the mind accurately. 

? Has a remarkably tenacious memory of forms, shapes, and 
configuration in general; can re-produce them before the 
mind with the greatest accuracy, facility, and precision. 

REMARKS. 

This faculty takes cognizance of configuration in general. 
Its most common application is in the discrimination of counte- 
nances. It also prompts to embody in form all abstractions of 
the mind regarding spiritual objects. It is situated contiguously 
to Individuality. When large, there is great breadth between the 
eyes, and they are crowded outward and downward toward 
the external angle of the orbits. 

26. SIZE. 

1 Remarkable want of power to perceive perpendiculars, cen- 
tres, size, and proportion of physical objects ; wanting in 
perception of perspective, in scenery, space, and the arts. 

2 Deficient in powers of perspective and unable to determine 
perpendiculars, and centres of objects ; indefinite idea of size; 
faint power to measure proportion, or distance in space. 

3 Requires great practice and exertion to determine the propor- 
tion of objects or their relative size ; rather difficult to per- 
ceive accurately perpendiculars, to measure distances, centres, 
&c. 

4 Cannot determine readily, with the eye, distance in space, or 
the centres of objects; has fair perception of perpendiculars, 
proportion of objects ; and must have great practice to judge 
of perspective. 

5 Measures objects, by little practice, with much precision ; 
judges and determines distance with seme accuracy; also 
perpendiculars, and the proportion and centres of objects ; 
good power of perspective. 

6 Judges naturally of perpendiculars with great accuracy; de- 
termines size and proportion with ease and precision, also 
distance in space, and has a good talent for perspective ; with 
Form large, for drawing. 

7 Possesses very great natural talent for perspective ; has very 
groat power to determine size, perpendiculars, and proportion, 
distance in space, and centres of objects with precision. 

REMARKS. 

The function of this faculty is to perceive or know the size of 
bodies. Its more simple function seems to be parallelism. This 



UUI] I 

ilent 
i ad devel- 

ition 
kill ; to understand the 

. it !!!<•■■ Of 

id to 
difficult) to m d equilib- 

• mncfa difficult 
in i equilibrium easily a 

• ''I'p'y? nr J 11 ' 1 -' ' !,,n » 

mid i ' 

quire dyn ill, and make mi 

app momentum, well. 

to perceive and judge of gravitation ; ran 

te of bodies without great study ; ran main- 
tain equilibrium when elevated : eentre of gravity not easily 
disturbed. 
C Is endowed with an accurate perception of the resistance of 
bodies ; of their equilibrium and force ; takes pleasure in ap- 
plying forces mechanically ; can preserve centre of gravity 
with 

intuitively the force and resistance of objects ; 
their gravitation; can acquire great dynamical skill; takes 
great pleasure in application of forces ; and perceives equilib- 
rium intuitively. 

RF.MA 

The function of this faculty is to perceive the resist 
bodies, and judge ol d ; enabling those who 

tain centre of gravity with gn inder the 

f height or unstead in is >itu- 

id developes outward and downward. 

GENUS III. OBJECTO-RELATIVE GROUP. 

which p» I "1' prirn- 

<;ualities ol 

1 Unable to i at of 

arithnn I 

an<; us calcu- 

lations to mind. 



40 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



2 Poor ability to acquire arithmetical knowledge ; faint memory 
of previous computations, and great inability to re-produce 
them ; very slow in the use of figures. 

3 Rather poor memory of the relation of numbers; much diffi- 
culty in acquiring arithmetical skill; unable to make compu- 
tation of numbers with facility and ease, or to re-produce 
them. 

4 Possesses but ordinary power of acquiring arithmetical knowl- 
edge or memory of the relation of numbers ; may, by great 
practice, acquire fair skill in computation, but not in original 
combinations. 

5 Can acquire arithmetical knowledge with considerable ease 
and facility ; has much natural power of computation ; good 
memory of the reLation of numbers and power of re-producing 
them. 

6 Has excellent power to acquire arithmetical knowledge ; can 
make computation, by little study, with great ease and facil- 
ity ; has an excellent memory of the relation of numbers. 

7 Experiences no difficulty whatever in acquiring arithmetical 
knowledge ; can compute with the greatest ease and facility; 
can re-produce to mind numbers in every variety of relation. 

REMARKS. 

The function of this faculty is to perceive the relation of ob- 
jects in quantity. It bestows the power of making numerical 
calculations; and distinguishes between quantities in their 
simplest relation. Its organ is situated at the external angle of 
the eyes. When large, the angle of the bone is developed 
down. 

29. ORDER. 

1 Very imperfect perception of the physical relation of objects ; 
cannot adapt, in machinery, one part to another, with just 
relation between their dimensions ; does not adapt things to 
places, with propriety. 

2 Does not perceive with accuracy the true relation of objects 
in physical proportion, and cannot appreciate orderly arrange- 
ment of things according to their physical quality of size. 

3 Cannot determine nicely the relation of objects as they are 
physically related ; pays but indifferent attention to the accu- 
rate adaptation of one existence to another, as related by 
quality or proportion of size. 

4 Possesses fair perception of the relations of physical exist 
ences, and appreciates such relations; can adapt objects ac- 
cording to proper proportions with some accuracy, but not 
great. 

5 Prone to regard objects in an orderly relation, and adapts 
them to such relation with considerable accuracy ; is raiher 
precise in arrangement, and has fair share of system. 



i m r-K\ow i.riM.r. 1 1 

G R« _ . .ir- 

ran 
skill an . and is i 

ry methodical and i mgementof thii 

9 when object! 
ther, and soapta sccoruinf 



Th on of pro- 

.md their position < 

to their form, - aeral configure! 

Its oi rnal angle of the :ir< li < • 

. inward of Number, and developea ontward. — When 
. the lurch* re appeal i 

30. TONE. 

1 Entire inability to distinguish tones, and their relation toeach 
other j cannot remember musical notes or imitate and re-pro- 

them, nor judge of discordant or harmonious sounds. 

>or memory of tunes j can scarcely distinguish 
one from another, or one tone from another; has a very poor 
perception of the relation of sounds, and cannot re-produce 
them accurately. 

3 Is a poor judge of harmony, or the relation of primitive 
sounds ; remembers but faintly, combinations of tones ; and 
cannot distinguish with much accuracy between them, even 
with crreat practice. 

4 Is endowed with sufficient power of distinguishing between 
the relation of primitive sounds, to cultivate music with some 
success, but has not an accurate perception of harmonious 

iids. 

i sic with much success, and learn to distin- 
guish between the primitive sounds with much aecm 
has a good memory of the relation of tones and i\ 
nerally. 
6 Has an accurate perception of the relal 

remember tunes, and distinguish between them with facility — 

with imitation large— can imitate distinct Mi much 

precision. 

n. with I 

.,t' primil them without 

effort; perceives with great accuracy. combina- 

tions of sounds. 



The function oft- >rim- 

• without which pou we should 

4* 



42 (.1 IDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



be unable to give expression to our ideas by the various modu- 
lations of voice. It is the origin of music. Its organ is situa- 
ted beneath the frontal ridge, just above Order, and developed 
outward at angles. When large, the external angle of the fron- 
tal plate projects out beyond the external angle of the eye. 

31. TIME. 

1 Almost totally deficient in power to perceive the lapse of time 
in relation to another period; cannot possibly keep correct 
time in music, or in dancing, or detect differences in rhythm. 

2 Very poor judgment of the parts of periods; unable to per- 
ceive with ease or precision, the lapse of time, -to remember 
its duration, or keep correct time In music or dancing. 

3 Rather indifferent perception of the lapse of time, and power 
of judging of the duration of periods;, cannot detect nice 
differences in rhythm; apt to get out of time in dancing 
or music. 

4 Possesses ordinary power to perceive the duration of time, 
and to compare periods, but requires great practice to detect 
imperfect rhythm; can naturally keep fair time in music 
and dancing. 

5 Has good rhythmical power, and can perceive rather accu- 
rately the duration of periods; may, with much practice, 
become quite expert in keeping time in music and in dancing; 
good memory of the lapse of time. 

6 Is naturally quite expert in keeping correct measurement of 
time, and can easily detect when it is departed from ; has a 
nice perception of the duration of periods; is very observing 
in this particular. 

7 Perceives intuitively the precise duration of periods, and 
measures their parts accurately ; never fails to keep correct 
time in music and dancing; is very observing and acute in 
all things relating to rhythm. 

REMARKS. 

The function of this faculty is to perceive the lapse and du- 
ration of time, or to trace the succession of phenomena as rela- 
ted to the periods of existence. Its functions are no higher in 
order, than the conception of distinct parts or periods of time, 
and may be related either to succession of events or ^ones. It 
forms an important element in music. 

The organ is located between Tone and Eventuality. When 
large, the forehead in this region is full and prominent. It de- 
velopes outward. 

32. COLOR. 

I Unable to perceive or detect the differences of colors ; cannot 
judge of them with any accuracy, or compare and harmonize 
then ; is nearly blind to the qualities of colors. 



GUIDE TO SELl-KNOW 1 1.1H IS 



I i 1 ry indifferent perception of solera: often mistakes one 
for another; cannot oombine and harmonize them; tery poor 
their relations, and beauty of combination. 

3 Can perceive and detect the different individual oualitii 
the pfimitire mbini and bannonine 

them ; is rather indifferent to theix beauty of combination. 

1 1' Lination of the relations of tin- primi- 

tive colon ; cm remember them well, but cannot barmoniie 

them with skill and accuracy in tin lr OOmbinatioi 

5 Has an aeon. ption of the relationi of 
primitiv. can discriminate and combine them with 

skill, by practice, and is quite sensible to their beauty of 
combination. 

6 Can discriminate the relations of colors with <_" and, 

with practice, combine them with <_ anch 

ii perfect harmonies and oombinat ton. 

7 Takes very great pleasure in the harmony of colors j can 

detect the most trirling discord in their combination, and 
perceives their relations intuitively. 

VRKS. 

The function of this faculty is to perceive the relations of the 
primitive colors ; and is the direct channel through which is 
opened toman many of the most beautiful qualities of nature. 
It is a very important element in a good painter. Its organ is 
situated in the middle of the arch of the eyebrow. When large, 
the brow is thrown up and outward, and sometimes it forms the 
prominent point of the arch. 

33. LOCALITY. 

ry great deficiency, and almost total want of memory of 
places, or local scenes ; unable to recal their appearance, or 
fun! n unfamiliar places, or perceive the relations of 

obj- 

mt memory of localities and scenes in general ; i 
. in accumulating geographical knowledge, or 
membering tl igs are located ; easily lost in 

!.es. 
3 Has rather a ,»t to forget places 

once seen* — g 
and indifl 
I Has calling to mind so 

seen; p' ■ ^'» ordinary local DM DK 

cannot cultivate I with success, A 

(rood, tO • strong, local men; 

fair geographi 

of things. 
can recal thei -fore the mind, and deSCl I ac- 



44 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



curatelv ; not at all liable to bo lost in strange places; and 
has the power to study geography successfully. 
7 Has a remarkable local memory; never forgets scenes or 
places once seen ; can recal them vividly to mind after a 
great lapse of time ; has great natural powers of geography. 

REMARKS. 

The function of this faculty is to remember the relative posi- 
tion of objects in space ; and it seems to combine in its function 
the idea of extension. 

The organ is located each side of Individuality, and runs 
obliquely upward and outward. 

When large, there is a distinct prominence. 

34. EVENTUALITY. 

1 Excessive deficiency in general memory of events, and 
everything relating to active existence ; cannot retain histori- 
cal facts, and has no talent for acquiring a knowledge of them ; 
forgets all occurrences as soon as they have passed. 

2 Has a very poor memory of incidents, events and occurrences ; 
can retain them but a very short period ; very poor historical 
mind in regard to all active phenomena. 

3 Is not able to accumulate facts with success ; has a poor mem- 
ory of general events and incidents; in argument, cannot 
bring forward sufficient data, or enter into detail successfully. 

4 Possesses a tolerable power to collect facts, and remember 
occurrences; has not much, nor is deficient, in power of de- 
tail ; would pay more attention to other things than the bare 
incidents of history. 

5 Has rather a good memory of general events, incidents, and 
occurrences; is rather observing of all active phenomena; 
has good power to accumulate historical facts, and fair 
detailing abilities. 

G Is quite observing of all that takes place ; is constantly col- 
lecting knowledge of facts, from observation ; has decidedly 
good historical talent; fond of stories; remembers all events 
which occur without much effort. 

7 Possesses a remarkable memory of all historical facts, events, 
<fec. ; is very observing of all active phenomena, all that 
occurs and happens ; can remember incidents without effort ; 
delights in stories, &c. 

REMARKS. 

The function of this faculty is to perceive events, their rela- 
tions, and all active phenomena. It is the store-house of facts 
and statistical knowledge — supplying the mind with incidents 
to support theories; and gives life and action to description. 
This power is indispensable to the Historian. Combined with 



MIDI to si:i.r-k.\ow utm I 45 

Individuality, it givei definiteiieM and body to argument ; and 

1 ' r and Lav 

ted in the middle «of the forehead, abore lu- 
Wfcen large, it ind prominent id this re- 

It is generally large in children, and may be mad" the dii 

through which to cultivate their moral qualities. Nothr 

M more, than the narration of 
fjing its own an abun- 

dance of virtu pi may be im infant 

mind, to supply food for, and direct the moral 

GENUS IV. EXPRESSIVE GROUP. 

t faculty by which M.in ii enabled to communicate his 
wanu tnd sorrows, to his fellow beings ; and through 

which he can collect all arbitrary signs for communication. 

35. LANGUAGE 

1 Almost total want of power to acquire 'arbitrary signs ; re- 
markably slow in committing to memory words, and repeat- 
ing them ; very deficient in power to clothe ideas with 
lang< 

2 Quite poor memory of words, or verbal memory; very 
meagre in the use of language; inexpressive; great difficulty 
in « g ideas distinctly as they are felt; — reverse of 
fluent. 

nifests but moderate facility in learning to repeat words ; 
rather poor verbal memory ; experiences much difficulty in 
clothing thoughts with language ; is not at all fluent in 
ch. 

4 Hai :uage; cannot commit, with 
much facility, words to memory; p r to 
exp: in words; is not over fluent; is not given to 

5 Poi there good verbal memory; can learn to n 

rbally without much toil ; is not talented in thii reap 

is generally enabled to give clear t j is 

6 Is l With good natural powers of n ; has a 

1 Verbal );. 

mit- itfa ease; is a fluent in 

speech ; lacks not foi w 

narkable i rery fluent in 

speech; likely to be rerOOM 

v of 
words ; oi 



4G GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 



Kl. MARKS. 

The function of this faculty is verbal memory; or, it is the 
receptacle of arbitrary signs expressive of thoughts. When 
. it enables the possessor to commit rapidly to mind mere 
words, but has no relation to the sense connected with those 
words. A good endowment of this organ is essential to a Lin- 
guist, Poet, and Orator. 

The organ is situated internal of the eyes, and its degree of 
developement is determined by the extent to which they are 
crowded downward and outward. — A large eyeball must not 
be mistaken for a large organ of Language. 

GENUS V. REFLECTIVE GROUP. 

That class of faculties whose function is to regulate the 
perception of the other mental powers, — combine, arrange and 
adapt their action according to the law of reason invested in 
these powers. 

36. COMPARISON. 

1 Remorkably deficient in power of finding resemblances 
between objects, and ability to classify them ; unable to re- 
duce combined objects, or phenomena, to their simple ele- 
ments ; uses no similitudes to illustrate an argument; can 
hardly perceive when one is used ; indifferent to analogical 
reasoning. 

2 Very poor ability to perceive objects that are analogous, or phe- 
nomena that are similar to other phenomena; is very simple 
and meagre in illustration ; has very little talent for classifica- 
tion ; or to distinguish fallacies in an argument. 

3 Possesses moderate power of comparison ; may readily per- 
ceive an apt illustration in an argument, but has no great 
store at command ; uses similitudes in a general manner, and 
of a common character ; has but weak power of classification, 
and perception of differences ; reasons poorly from analogy ; 
not good analytical power. 

4 Has fair analytical power; can distinguish prominent fallacies 
in reasoning ; can trace combinations of phenomena, or ob- 
jects, to their simple elements, but not very successfully ; 
fair abilities of classification ; and tolerable command of sim- 
ilitudes and comparisons for illustration. 

5 Manifests good command of comparisons and similitudes in 
argument; feels the force of analogical reasoning, strongly; 
has good analytical power, and critical perception ; good 
classifying abilities, and command of similitudes; can 
analyze combinations to simples, readily. 

Is endowed with excellent analytical power and acute per- 
ception of unharmonious combinations of phenomena or 
objects; very good classifying abilities; analyzes combina- 



i r-k\o\\ LBD( 17 



tions to their i frith precision and talent ; very good 

<i similitude*, 
com para 1 
■ intuitively ; perceive a the 

ritical powi 
ngruitiea intuitively ; remarkable power of 
ml similitude. 

mpare the action, guali- 
mlts of phenomena, either in mind or matter, it not 
the Bimilitudei and resemblances, but detects the 
the faculty of fitttngn< ss. as if 
iether things, or phenomena, are in unison. It is the 
fbunl of parables and figurative eipressions, and tra- 

ct, 
lated in the centre of the forehead, at) 
ind front i »lence. Winn 1 urge beyond 

the rest of the intellect, it presents the form of a reversed p; 
mid. It developes outward. 

37, CAUSALITY. 

1 Totally unable to trace effects to the principles which govern 

them: c nnot comprehend logical deductions in argument j 

it want of reasoning power, and ability to conceive 

why like causes produce like results; unable to adapt means 

to ends. 

ry weak perception of causation, or power to infer the ex- 
nce of principles from effects produced ; great want of 
ability t<> draw logical inferences from given premises, to plan, 
contrive, invent, and adapt means to the accomplishment of 
nev. Sed with effects and seldom inquires from 

what caui 

3 But lilt' into the principles of C 
poor comprehension of logical deduction; cannot reason 
rectly from any bu1 very simple prop 

applying known principles I ids; looks not 

but nderstandii 

4 R< ii first principles* has fair ability to 
judge oi effects product d by lh< 

D and 
com 

into ori_ depth of 

und, — coincidence i 

of ( 

ves able 



43 GUIDE TO SELF-KNOWLEDGE. 

to adopt good plans when necessary care is used ; generally 
Been rather clearly what will be the result of any action ; not 
apt to be superficial in forming conclusions, but rather sound 
than otherwii 

6 lias strong reasoning power ; much given to investigate the 
motive of every act seen ; seldom satisfied unless a reason is 
<riven for every action relating to self; prone to investigate 
the abstract principles of phenomena ; philosophical, and 
quite original in conceptions; acute comprehension of logical 
deduction ; clearly infers results from given premises ; reasons 
effectually, — thinks deeply ; always ready with expedients — 
skilful in adapting means to ends; inventive. 

7 Is a very great investigator of causation; not satisfied with 
ordinary reasons, but goes deep into all first principles ; looks 
as far as possible into the original nature of things ; has the 
greatest capacity for comprehending the abstract principles of 
phenomena; remarkable inductive power; is far reaching 
and penetrating in understanding — never mistakes coinci* 
dence for cause) and draws the most correct inferences from 
any premises established. 



The legitimate function of this faculty is far superior to any 
other quality possessed by man. It is the presiding genius of 
his other mental powers, and constitutes him the absolute gov- 
ernor of sublunary creation. It is through the direct agency 
of this attribute, that all the means spread throughout nature 
are rendered subservient to his welfare. It is the fountain of 
invention and adaptation, and perceives the direct efficiency of 
natural power to accomplish the end desired. Destitute of this 
quality of mind, natural resources would be unimproved, and 
the world would ever have remained the same as first consti- 
tuted — stationary and unprogressive. — To this quality the arts 
and sciences owe their existence — without it, nothing would 
have been discovered — nothing have been rendered available to 
man's advancement in intellectual condition. 

The organ of this faculty is situated on each side of Compar- 
ison. When large, this part of the forehead is square, full and 
prominent. When small, this region is shallow, deficient in 
breadth, and receding. 



FINIS. 



